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Blockchains for TradFi: What banks, asset managers, and fintechs should know
Blockchains are a new settlement and ownership layer, one that’s programmable, open, and global by default, unlocking new forms of entrepreneurship, creativity, and infrastructure. Growth in monthly active crypto addresses is generally tracking the
06.11.25
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Scott Duke Kominers, Sam Broner, Jay Drain, Guy Wuollet, Elizabeth Harkavy, Carra Wu, and Matt Gleason
AI x crypto crossovers
The economics of the internet are already changing. As the open web collapses into a prompt bar, we have to wonder: Will AI lead to an open internet or a maze of new paywalls? And who will control it — big centralized companies or broad communities
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- a16z crypto UK update
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- Jai Ramaswamy
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- Jolt gets a 6× speedup — and we’re just getting started
- Justin Thaler
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- Maker Governance: Multi-Collateral Dai
- Michele Korver
- Miles Jennings
- Nassim Eddequiouaq and Riyaz Faizullabhoy
- Next Steps to Win the Future: New ideas for our web3 policy platform
- NFT Virtual Summit: The Videos
- On Crypto Governance
- Open Sourcing Our Token Delegate Program
- Our Top 5 Crypto Posts of 2019
- Partnering with Stand with Crypto to Defend Artists & Creators
- Richard Rosenblatt
- State of Crypto Report 2024: New data on swing states, stablecoins, AI, builder energy, and more
- Supporting Public Goods with Gitcoin Grants
code & engineering
- ‘Proof-of-Merge’ NFT to Commemorate Ethereum
- A Builder's Guide From Crypto Startup School
- A new financial model for app tokens: How to generate cash flows
- A Tool for Detecting Metamorphic Smart Contracts
- Accelerating the world computer: Implementing Jolt, a new state-of-the-art zkVM
- Building Cicada: Private on-chain voting using time-lock puzzles
- Building Helios: Fully trustless access to Ethereum
- Building Jolt: A fast, easy-to-use zkVM
- Building Magi: A new rollup client for Optimism
- Chain choices: or, how to decide what blockchain to build on
- Debating Blockchain Architectures (with Solana)
- Estimating the number of real crypto users
- Ethereum, Merge and Beyond
- Explore the State of Crypto 2024: new data on crypto users, builders, and technologies
- Formal verification of Pectra system contracts with Halmos
- From creative process to outcomes
- Generalized property tests for ERC4626 vaults
- Halmos v0.1.0 release highlights
- Halmos v0.3.0 release highlights
- Hidden in Plain Sight: A Sneaky Solidity Implementation of a Sealed-Bid Auction
- How Tech Advances in Blockchains Benefit Other Industries
- Identifying Authentic NFTs (Especially Against Attackers)
- Inside the biggest heist
- Jolt gets a 6× speedup — and we’re just getting started
- Jolt: An update
- Lasso + Jolt: An engineering overview
- Learning from crypto’s largest heist: Breaking down the Bybit hack
- Modern invariant testing with halmos
- On Paper to On-Chain: How Auction Theory Informs Implementations
- On-Chain Trusted Setup Ceremony
- Privacy-Protecting Crypto Airdrops with Zero Knowledge Proofs
- Pro tip: Implementing stateful invariant testing with Halmos
- Programming Languages & Crypto
- Scaling Ethereum Rollups with Helios
- Security audit secrets to success
- Smart contract design patterns
- Symbolic testing with Halmos: Leveraging existing tests for formal verification
- The NFT Mint ‘Sweet Spot’: Data on Early Decisions
- The NFT Starter Pack: Tools for Anyone to Analyze NFTs
- Theory to code: Building the breakthrough zkVM Jolt
- Through the looking glass: A cross-chain sealed-bid auction using Aztec Connect
- Token design: Mental models, capabilities, and emerging design spaces
- Understanding Dencun, the biggest upgrade to Ethereum since The Merge
- Understanding Lasso and Jolt, from theory to code
- Visualizing Lasso: A fast new lookup argument for SNARKs
- Zero Gas Wasted: Winning the IAmTheOptimizor Challenge
- Zero Knowledge Canon, part 1 & 2
- zkDocs: Zero-knowledge Information Sharing
company building
- 10 hiring mistakes early stage founders make — and how to avoid them
- 3 mental models for crypto infrastructure
- 3 takeaways on market design for web3 builders
- 3 ways to organize decentralization in your startup
- 5 pieces on AI x crypto: What, where, how
- 5 rules for token launches
- 6 must-watch talks and takeaways for early-stage crypto startups
- 6 questions every founder should ask about pricing strategy
- 7 Sanity Checks Before Designing a Token
- A Builder's Guide From Crypto Startup School
- A conversation with U.S. Congressman Patrick McHenry
- A Creator's Journey to Self-Sovereignty: The Why Is in the Who
- A Skeptic’s View of Crypto (2 of 3)
- A Tool for Detecting Metamorphic Smart Contracts
- A useful framework for understanding stablecoins: Banking history
- a16z Podcast: Bitcoin’s Growing Pains — and Possibilities
- a16z Podcast: From the Internet’s Past to the Future of Crypto
- a16z Podcast: The Regulatory Landscape for Crypto
- a16z Podcast: The State of the Bitcoin Ecosystem, and a Theory on Satoshi
- a16z Podcast: Which Bitcoin Players Matter?
- After the foundation era: Tokens, policy, and startup structures
- Age of Wonders: NFTs, Art, AI, Cycles of Computing
- AI and the end of apps (with NEAR)
- All about airdrops
- An Intro to Crypto: Building Blocks
- An Intro to Crypto: Building Companies, from People to Code
- An underrated strategy for founding the next breakout company
- An update on Jolt's development roadmap
- Announcing the Crypto Startup Accelerator (CSX) Spring 2024 Cohort
- Apple iCloud: Doing this 1 thing can help stop hacks
- Applications: Today & 2025
- Backing Walrus Protocol from Sui
- Best practices for corporate structures
- Beyond Cryptocurrencies
- Blockchain Networks and the Human Factor: How to Know Whether They're Accessible
- Blockchain Primitives: Cryptography and Consensus
- Blockchains for TradFi: What banks, asset managers, and fintechs should know
- Books for crypto builders and beyond (2024)
- Bridge Hack, Wallet Hack
- Building and Overcoming the Hard Things
- Building and Running a DAO: Why Governance Matters
- Building Blackbird
- Building brands for startups
- Building Companies and Developer Communities
- Building culture
- Building Dapper Labs
- Building Gensyn
- Building Optimism: A conversation with Optimism founder Jing Wang
- Building Partnerships with NFT Projects and Communities
- Building PROOF: A conversation with Kevin Rose and Chris Dixon
- Building social platforms: A conversation with Chris DeWolfe
- Building worlds, with Aku World creator Micah Johnson
- Communicating in Crypto, and Beyond
- Company Building in Crypto: A Conversation between Brian Armstrong and Chris Dixon
- Consumer products 101
- Conversation on incentives
- Crafting virtual worlds
- Creator to founder: A conversation with Greg Solano, Co-founder of Yuga Labs
- Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger
- Crypto Business Models
- Crypto Canon
- Crypto Networks and Why They Matter
- Crypto Policy & Regulation: What's Going On?
- Crypto Regulations, Illicit Finance, Privacy and Beyond
- Crypto, the Future of Trust
- DAO governance attacks, and how to avoid them
- Debating Crypto: Katie Haun vs. Paul Krugman (3 of 3)
- Decentralization
- Decentralization for Web3 Builders: Principles, Models, How
- Decentralization is why we fight for crypto
- Decentralized Applications: What’s Now, What’s Next
- Designing beloved brands
- Designing effective governance
- Dreaming big with Protocol Labs
- Economic loops for startups
- Editorial content: Strategies and tactics
- Evaluating cross-chain messaging protocols
- FAQ: The end of the foundation era in crypto
- Financial Freedom, Company Building, More
- Finding users & building partnerships in web3
- Founder talk with Dan Romero, Co-founder & CEO of Farcaster
- Founding Stories: Anchorage
- From creative process to outcomes
- From lifespan to healthspan
- From suitemates to web3 innovators: the journey behind Uniswap and Optimism
- Getting ready to launch a token: What you need to know
- Go-to-market in web3
- Go-to-Market in Web3: New Mindsets, Tactics, Metrics
- Go-to-market models
- Going from web 2 to web 3: 'Your take rate is my opportunity'
- Going to market with better messaging: On mission statements and more
- Governance FAQs
- Governing democracy, the internet, and boardrooms
- Hiring and retaining talent in web3
- Hiring in crypto: When blockchain experience is essential — and when it's not
- Hiring in web3: Principles for finding talent in volatile times
- How Anatoly Yakovenko built Solana
- How Brian Armstrong built Coinbase
- How stablecoins become money: Liquidity, sovereignty, and credit
- How stablecoins will eat payments, and what happens next
- How this foodie founder is revamping restaurants
- How to Build a Better Internet: 10 Principles for World Leaders Shaping the Future of Web3
- How to build a lasting community
- How to build a social presence in web3 and beyond
- How to build an engaged web3 community
- How to build business development and growth teams
- How to build in web3: New talks from Crypto Startup School '23
- How to engage with U.S. policymakers
- How to find product-market fit: 5 strategies for web3
- How to hire and scale in web3
- How to keep your business on track for success — budgeting, tools, & frameworks
- How to keep your business on track for success: Operating plans
- How to navigate token launch risks
- How to not get hacked and other security lessons learned
- How to pick a DAO legal entity
- How to set up people operations for web3 founders
- How tokens can attract top talent: A compensation primer for web3
- Identifying Authentic NFTs (Especially Against Attackers)
- Info Diet: a16z Crypto's Elena Burger
- Inside the Solana story: Near-death brushes and a need for speed (with Solana)
- Interactive Storytelling A Creator's Journey: 'Pleased 2 Meet U'
- Interactive Storytelling A Creator's Journey: 'Pleased 2 Meet U'
- Intro to intellectual property for web3
- Investing in Merit Systems
- Investing in Yupp
- Journey to jumpstart: from Meerkat to Houseparty to a crypto-native social network
- Launching and marketing your project
- Launching compliant tokens
- Layer 2, rollups, and building onchain (with Base)
- Leading through uncertainty (with Coinbase CEO)
- Let's get digi-physical: From 'tap' chips to Taylor Swift
- Lightspeed Democracy: What web3 organizations can learn from the history of governance
- Machiavelli for DAOs: designing effective decentralized governance (part 2)
- Machiavelli for DAOs: principles for fixing decentralized governance (part 1)
- Managing Distributed Workforces
- Marketing 101 for startups: Token launches, memes, reaching devs & more
- Mastering loyalty & partnerships: Tips from Mastercard’s Seb Otto and IYK’s Austin Marchese
- Measuring growth in crypto: What’s different, what matters, and what needs to be adapted
- Measuring SNARK performance: Frontends, backends, and the future
- Monetizing decentralized platforms: How blockchain startups can set prices and fees
- Newsletter: How to build with tokens; news you can use; latest trends
- NFT Sales: Clearing the Market, Avoiding Gas Wars
- On crypto financial reporting: The Statement of Digital Assets
- On finding product-market fit... and meaning
- On Native Bitcoin Apps, Open Source Communities, and What Happened Before Satoshi Nakamoto Vanished
- On poetry and code, with AI research and language artist Sasha Stiles
- On the decentralized web and human rights around the world: 'Hacking Authenticity'
- Open sourcing the superchain (with Optimism)
- Operational guidelines for token launches, from creation to custody
- Opportunities for Crypto in Gaming
- Paying People to Participate in Governance
- Personal and physical security for founders, operators, and investors
- Planning for token launches
- Policy and regulatory considerations for web3 builders
- Porter’s Five Forces and competitive advantage in web3
- Positioning and branding in web3
- Post-quantum blockchains
- Preliminary thoughts on proxy delegation
- Preparing for the pitch
- Pricing strategy for startups
- Principles for web3 product design
- Progressive decentralization: a high-level framework
- Progressive Decentralization: A Playbook for Building Crypto Applications
- PSA: a setup for 'minimium viable security'
- Read Write Own: Table of contents
- Regulation 101
- Reinvesting in Blackbird & the launch of Blackbird Club
- Reinvesting in Phantom
- Scaling to stack
- Security audit secrets to success
- Security best practices: the front end process
- Setting Up and Scaling a Crypto Company
- Seven canonical tokens, defined [newsletter]
- Sharing the triumphs, trials, and invaluable lessons of being a founder
- Smart contract design patterns
- Smart Contract Security: A Simple Checklist for Web3 Development
- Snowboards, software, and scaling (with Shopify CEO)
- Social media for startup founders: A practical guide to building an online presence
- Social media secrets: How to build your presence
- Some Books We’re Reading This Summer 2022
- Some reasons to build your startup in web3
- Starting an L1 from scratch
- State of Crypto 2024, a walkthrough and a Q&A with data analyst Daren Matsuoka
- Status Traps: Learning from Web2 Social Networks
- Strategy & Operations for web3 (with Uniswap COO)
- Surviving market cycles and startup lessons for founders
- Talking trends 2025 (part 1): Stablecoins, app stores, UX, and more
- The antimemetics (and memetics) of making ideas happen -- in crypto and beyond
- The Can’t Be Evil NFT Licenses
- The Crypto Price-Innovation Cycle
- The end of the foundation era in crypto
- The five pillars of product-market fit
- The Future of Work is Not Corporate — It's DAOs and Crypto Networks
- The internet is not yet mature
- The internet treats bad business models as defects and routes around them
- The Missing Link Between Web2 and Web3: Custody
- The NFT Staircase: How digital ownership benefits brands and consumers
- The Read Write Own Manifesto
- The theory and practice of web3 auctions
- The web3 Playbook: Using token incentives to bootstrap new networks
- Token design: Mental models, capabilities, and emerging design spaces
- Token do's and don'ts
- Token rights in term sheets: How to avoid predatory deals
- Token Securities Framework and Launching a Network
- Tokencraft
- Toppling the Internet’s Accidental Monarchs: How to Design web3 Platform Governance
- Treasury Management: A Guide to Navigating Downturns
- Turning networks into economies
- Wallet Security: The ‘Non-Custodial’ Fallacy
- Web3 business strategy
- web3 go-to-market frameworks & dealmaking
- What actually happened? DC crypto news, explained [newsletter]
- What everyone gets wrong about crypto adoption
- When is decentralizing on a blockchain valuable?
- When to flip the fee switch
- Where innovation happens
- Why decentralization matters, for builders
- Why DePIN matters, and how to make it work
- Why startups should hire recruiters much sooner than they think
- Workshop on rollup sequencer economics: small group discussion
- You better have a 30-year goal (with Eigen Labs)
- Your guide to tokens: How to design, launch, structure rights, and more
- Your guide to tokens: Types, design, uses, more
- Zero knowledge made simple
- ZK and cryptography
policy & regulation
- 5 crypto issues both parties agree on
- 5 metrics to watch in 2025
- 5 rules for token launches
- 6 myths about privacy on blockchains
- 7 things U.S. government agencies can do to help seize the web3 opportunity
- A Call to the SEC: Treat Crypto Assets as if Clients Matter
- A conversation with U.S. Congressman Patrick McHenry
- A Green Beret’s Journey to Blockchain and Crypto
- A long-term view of crypto policy
- A new (digital) age at the SEC
- A new mining tax on crypto?
- A safe harbor for software: Why the SEC should clarify broker rules for blockchain apps
- a16z Comment Letter on Requirements for Certain Transactions Involving Convertible Virtual Currency or Digital Assets
- a16z Comment Letter on the SEC’s Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Regarding the Statutory Definitions of Dealer
- a16z Comment Letter to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
- a16z Comment Letter to the Department of the Treasury and IRS regarding the Proposed Digital Asset Broker Reporting Requirements
- a16z Crypto Amicus Brief in the Florida Tornado Cash Lawsuit
- a16z crypto's Comment Office of Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes on Ensuring Responsible Development of Digital Assets (11.03.22)
- a16z crypto's Comment to Commodity Futures Trading Commission on Climate-Related Financial Risk
- a16z crypto's Comment to Secretariat to the Financial Stability Board Bank for International Settlements on Financial Stability Board, International Regulation of Crypto-asset Activities (12.15.22)
- a16z crypto's Comment to the U.S. Department of Commerce on Developing a Framework on Competitiveness of Digital Asset Technologies
- a16z crypto's Response to the UK's HMT Crypto Consultation - April 2023
- a16z Crypto’s Comment on SEC Exchange Act Proposal, Part 1
- a16z Crypto’s Comment on SEC Exchange Act Proposal, Part 2
- a16z crypto’s Response to the Department of Treasury’s Request for Comment
- a16z Crypto/OpenSea IRS Comment Letter
- a16z Podcast: The Regulatory Landscape for Crypto
- Achieving Crypto Privacy and Regulatory Compliance
- Addressing the Regulatory Gap for Individual (Retail) Crypto Investors
- After the foundation era: Tokens, policy, and startup structures
- Airdrops: Safe, legal, frequent
- Amicus Brief in Support of Beba and DeFi Education Fund
- Amicus Brief re: Tornado Cash Lawsuit - May 2023
- An important bill that helps our industry: Why it matters, and what you can do
- Analogies, the Big Picture, and Considerations for Regulating Crypto
- Andreessen Horowitz Response to Treasury RFC (8.8.22)
- Anyone can get debanked. DeFi is a critical safety net.
- Blockchain innovation will put an AI-powered internet back into users' hands
- Blockchain's two cultures: The computer vs. the casino
- Case studies for “Grading recent actions: How the SEC, CFTC, and the courts measure up”
- CFTC Chairman Christopher Giancarlo on Regulating Crypto
- Clear rules for stablecoins and the road ahead
- Comment Letter re: Regulation Best Execution
- Comment letter: Regarding convertible virtual currency mixing
- Comment Letter: Safeguarding Advisory Client Assets - May 2023
- Comment on IRS's Draft Form 1099-DA 7
- Comment to the Office of Science and Technology Policy on Digital Assets Research and Development (3.3.23)
- Considerations for the Regulation of Algorithmic Stablecoins
- Crime and crypto: Concrete steps to address money laundering
- Crypto & The Infrastructure Bill — Fact Sheet
- Crypto has become a key political issue
- Crypto News & Regulatory Roundup: December 16, 2022 - January 13, 2023
- Crypto News & Regulatory Roundup: January 13, 2023 – February 03, 2023
- Crypto News & Regulatory Roundup: November 19 – December 16, 2022
- Crypto News & Regulatory Roundup: November 9-18, 2022
- Crypto news & regulatory update: April 19 – May 5, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: April 5 – April 19, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: April 7, 2023 – April 28, 2023
- Crypto news & regulatory update: August 12 – September 13, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: August 18 - September 1, 2023
- Crypto news & regulatory update: December 20, 2024 – January 17, 2025
- Crypto news & regulatory update: December 23, 2023 – January 12, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: December 4 – 22, 2023
- Crypto news & regulatory update: February 03, 2023 – February 28, 2023
- Crypto news & regulatory update: February 14 – February 28, 2025
- Crypto news & regulatory update: February 28 – March 14, 2025
- Crypto news & regulatory update: February 28, 2023 – March 17, 2023
- Crypto news & regulatory update: February 9 – March 1, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: January 12 – February 9, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: January 17 – January 31, 2025
- Crypto news & regulatory update: January 31 – February 14, 2025
- Crypto news & regulatory update: June 21 – August 12, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: March 1 – March 15, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: March 14 – 28, 2025
- Crypto news & regulatory update: March 15 – April 5, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: March 17, 2023 – April 7, 2023
- Crypto news & regulatory update: May 20 – June 21, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: May 5 – May 20, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: November 20 - December 4, 2023
- Crypto news & regulatory update: November 22 – December 20, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: November 5 – 22, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: October 2 - 23, 2023
- Crypto news & regulatory update: October 23 – November 20, 2023
- Crypto news & regulatory update: October 4 – November 4, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: September 13 – October 4, 2024
- Crypto news and regulatory update: April 28, 2023 – May 16, 2023
- Crypto news and regulatory update: July 14, 2023 – July 28, 2023
- Crypto news and regulatory update: July 28 - August 18, 2023
- Crypto news and regulatory update: June 7, 2023 – July 14, 2023
- Crypto news and regulatory update: May 16, 2023 – June 6, 2023
- Crypto news and regulatory update: September 1 - 15, 2023
- Crypto news and regulatory update: September 15 - 29, 2023
- Crypto Policy & Regulation: What's Going On?
- Crypto Regulations, Illicit Finance, Privacy and Beyond
- Crypto Regulatory Roundup: October 18 – November 9, 2022
- Crypto Regulatory Roundup: September 27 – October 17, 2022
- Crypto, Beyond Silk Road
- Debanking exposed
- Debanking: What you need to know
- Decentralization for Web3 Builders: Principles, Models, How
- Decentralization is why we fight for crypto
- Decentralized Finance: What It Is, Why It Matters
- Deep Dive on Decentralization
- DeFi Gives Financial Privacy — Will Regulation Take It Away?
- Defining decentralization: It comes down to control
- Embracing new tech policy can propel the UK forward
- End the era of mass financial surveillance
- Factors of decentralization of web3 protocols: Tools for planning greater decentralization
- FAQ: The end of the foundation era in crypto
- Forget antitrust, regulate to let tech disrupt itself
- From creative process to outcomes
- GENIUS becomes law
- Getting ready to launch a token: What you need to know
- Grading recent actions: How the SEC, CFTC, and the courts measure up
- Holding the future: Custody principles for a tokenized world
- How bad policy favors memes over matter
- How the U.S. can benefit from effective crypto tax policy
- How to bring airdrops home [newsletter]
- How to Build a Better Internet: 10 Principles for World Leaders Shaping the Future of Web3
- How to navigate token launch risks
- How to pick a DAO legal entity
- In Defense of Stablecoins
- Introducing Voices Onchain
- IOSCO Crypto and Digital Asset Markets Consultation Response
- It’s time to bring assets onchain
- It’s time to move crypto from chaos to order
- Joint Amicus Brief re: SEC v. Coinbase
- Kik and the SEC: What’s Going On and What Does It Mean for Crypto?
- Let staking flourish in the U.S.
- Machiavelli for DAOs: designing effective decentralized governance (part 2)
- Markets need rules, and crypto is no different
- Modernizing markets for a tokenized future: Principles for tokenized securities and broker-dealers
- Mutability in Crypto and Recent Moves by the SEC
- Newsletter: Election special: When democracy goes onchain
- On AI & personhood credentials: a new paper
- On building a crypto capital [newsletter]
- On Crypto and Its Implications for American Technology Innovation
- On Startups, Platforms, and Innovation
- Our Proposals to the Senate Banking Committee
- Policy Principles
- Prediction for the New Year: A Web3 Midterm
- Prediction markets and beyond
- Privacy-Protecting Regulatory Solutions Using Zero-Knowledge Proofs: Full Paper
- Progressive decentralization
- Reading Between the Lines: SEC, Telegram, and Rule 144
- Regulate Web3 Apps, Not Protocols
- Regulate Web3 Apps, Not Protocols Part IV: Practical Application
- Regulate Web3 Apps, Not Protocols Part II: Framework for Regulating Web3 Apps
- Regulate Web3 Apps, Not Protocols Part III: The Web3 DAO Dilemma
- Regulation 101
- Regulatory update: Fed withdraws bank crypto guidance, Oregon sues Coinbase, SEC roundtable
- Regulatory update: GENIUS & CLARITY Acts, SEC on staking, 401(k) guidance, and more
- Regulatory update: Stablecoin bill negotiations, banks get crypto clarity, market structure draft bill release
- Regulatory update: Trump signs CRA, STABLE bill moves, SEC on stablecoins
- Regulatory update: White House digital asset report, SEC on 'Project Crypto' and liquid staking, and more
- Response to the Senate Banking Committee digital asset market structure request for information
- Rethinking SEC rulemaking: Why crypto needs its own rules
- SEC RFI: A Control-Based Decentralization Framework for Securities Laws
- SEC RFI: Comments on broker-dealer capital & recordkeeping requirements for crypto assets
- SEC RFI: Comments on Public Offerings and Safe Harbor from Registration
- SEC RFI: Comments on tokenized securities
- SEC RFI: Creating a Safe Harbor and Crowdfunding Regime for Collectible Tokens (NFTs)
- SEC RFI: On the Custody of Crypto Assets
- SEC RFI: Safe harbor for certain airdrops & incentive-based rewards of network tokens
- SEC Safe Harbor Proposal for Blockchain Apps: Exempting DeFi and NFT Interfaces from Broker Registration
- Shareholders vs. Stakeholders? No: Customers
- Should the United States implement a Bitcoin strategic reserve?
- Stablecoins, Stability, and Financial Inclusion
- State of Crypto 2023: Spotlight on crypto policy
- The CLARITY Act – Why it matters, what to know, and what to do
- The DOJ shifts digital assets prosecution priorities
- The DUNA: An Oasis For DAOs
- The end of the foundation era in crypto
- The Read Write Own Manifesto
- Token do's and don'ts
- Token Securities Framework and Launching a Network
- Tornado Cash Amicus Brief in Eleventh Circuit
- U.S. as the crypto capital: What it would take
- What regulators can learn from the aftermath of the Titanic
- What the election means for crypto
- Where innovation happens
- Who Will Control the Software That Powers the Internet?
- Why a16z Opposes Secretary Mnuchin’s FinCEN Midnight Crypto Rulemaking
- Why decentralization matters, and needs incentives
- Why Ethereum ETPs (vs. ETFs) are so significant, & more FAQs
- Why the Department of Justice’s actions against DeFi are a wreck
- Why we need decentralized stablecoins
research
- ‘Accountable liveness’: New paper alert
- 17 misconceptions about SNARKs (and why they hold us back)
- 3 takeaways on market design for web3 builders
- 6 decentralized governance trends for 2025
- 8 reasons why blockchain mechanism design is hard
- A look down Ethereum’s roadmap: The cases for FOCIL and multi-proposer schemes
- A new era in SNARK design: Releasing Jolt
- A new mining tax on crypto?
- A new NFT launch strategy: The wave mint
- A novel approach to proof-of-replication via polynomial evaluation
- A Novel Framework for Reputation-Based Systems
- A Survey of Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Blockchain Designs
- A technical FAQ on Lasso, Jolt, and recent advancements in SNARK design
- Accelerating the world computer: Implementing Jolt, a new state-of-the-art zkVM
- ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security 2022: Field Notes
- Adaptivity and Asynchrony in Distributed Key Generation
- Advanced security for SNARKs: A survey
- AI and innovation
- Algorithmic contract theory and contractible contracts
- Algorithms for fair, manipulation-robust, and transparent sortition
- All About That Gas
- An Evolution of Models for Zero-Knowledge Proofs
- Anonymous Credentials and Decentralizing ID Systems
- Approaching the 'lookup singularity': Introducing Lasso and Jolt
- Arbitrage Extractable Value
- Asiacrypt ‘22: Field Notes
- Auction Design for web3
- Automated market making and arbitrage profits in the presence of fees
- Best of Real World Crypto 2025: Field notes
- Beyond 51% attacks: Precisely characterizing blockchain achievable resilience
- Beyond ZK: Next Steps for Compliance and Constrained Encryption on Blockchains
- Blockchain Incentives and Authentication
- Blockchain performance, demystified
- BlockSTM: Scaling Blockchain Execution
- BLS Multi-Signatures for Blockchain Applications
- Boosting Lasso+Jolt through faster commitments – with far-reaching consequences
- Bringing Decentralized Governance to Tech Platforms
- Building Cicada: Private on-chain voting using time-lock puzzles
- Byzantine Fault Tolerance with Dynamic Participation
- CESC ‘22: Field Notes from the Zero Knowledge Workshop
- Checks and balances: Machine learning and zero-knowledge proofs
- Configurable Asset Privacy and Proof-Carrying Disclosures
- Congestion pricing: Economics, theory, reality
- Consensus Based on Proofs of Space and Time
- Consensus Canon
- Consensus in blockchains: Overview and recent results
- Correcting some SNARK misconceptions
- Credible Auctions: A Trilemma
- Crypto Glossary: Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain
- Cryptoeconomic Security for Data Availability Committees
- Cryptoeconomics - an excerpt
- DAG Meets BFT: The Next Generation of BFT Consensus
- DAO governance attacks, and how to avoid them
- DAO research: A roadmap for experimenting with governance
- Data availability sampling and danksharding: An overview and a proposal for improvements
- De-Anonymization in Bitcoin
- Deep Dive on Decentralization
- Designing reward systems for web3 governance
- Digital Signatures for web3
- Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG)-Based Consensus Protocols: An Introduction
- Disintegrating searchers and builders
- Distributed Data Storage, DAS, and Danksharding
- Distributed Randomness Beacons
- Distributed randomness using weighted VRFs
- Does your blockchain need multidimensional fees?
- EigenLayr: Permissionless Feature Addition to Ethereum
- Ethereum, Merge and Beyond
- Exponent-VRFs and their applications
- FAQ on Jolt’s initial implementation
- Field Notes: Devcon3 — Ethereum Developer’s Conference
- Formal methods for zero knowledge circuits
- Foundations of Transaction Fee Mechanism Design
- From creative process to outcomes
- Frosty: Bringing strong liveness guarantees to the Snow family of consensus protocols
- Getting the bugs out of SNARKs: The road ahead
- Grassroots Cryptocurrencies: A Foundation for a Digital Economy
- He-HTLC: Revisiting Incentives in Hashed Time-Locked Contracts
- High-frequency trading and the design of financial markets
- Holdup, innovation, and platform governance
- How Tech Advances in Blockchains Benefit Other Industries
- How to Build Robust Payment Channel Networks
- HyperNova: Toward practical zero-knowledge virtual machines
- Interchain Timestamping for Interchain Security
- Intro to intellectual property for web3
- Introducing our summer '23 research seminars
- Introducing Twist and Shout: Next-generation memory checking for zkVMs and more
- Introduction to Consensus (Part I)
- Introduction to Consensus (Part II)
- Introduction to Selfish Mining
- Introduction to Validating Bridges and Layer-2 Protocols
- Introduction to Verifiable Delay Functions (VDFs)
- It's All about Trust
- Jolt gets a 6× speedup — and we’re just getting started
- Jolt, zkVMs, and speeding up blockchains
- Jolt: An update
- Key distribution on blockchains: The case for registration-based encryption
- Lasso + Jolt: An engineering overview
- Lasso in a nutshell
- Lasso, Jolt, and the Lookup Singularity, Part I
- Lasso, Jolt, and the Lookup Singularity, Part II
- Leader Election from Randomness Beacons and Other Strategies
- Lightspeed Democracy: What web3 organizations can learn from the history of governance
- Limits on Revocable Proof Systems
- Liquid democracy in the wild
- Liquidity Provision and Automated Market Making
- Local fee markets
- Long-range Attacks on Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Blockchains
- LVR in a minute with Tim Roughgarden
- LVR: Quantifying the Cost of Providing Liquidity to Automated Market Makers
- Manipulated signals in DePIN protocols
- Manipulating leader selection in BFT protocols
- Measuring SNARK performance: Frontends, backends, and the future
- Mechanism Design 101
- Mechanism design for stake weighted QOS
- Mechanisms to Infer the Wisdom of the Crowd
- MEV explained
- MiniCast: Minimizing the communication complexity of reliable broadcast
- Monetizing decentralized platforms: How blockchain startups can set prices and fees
- Multi-Dimensional Blockchain Resource Pricing
- Multidimensional TFM design
- Network Effects, Moats, & the Business of web3
- New paper alert: “Transaction Fee Mechanism Design with Active Block Producers”
- New paper alert: Atomic and fair data exchange via blockchain
- New paper alert: Naysayer proofs
- NFT Sales: Clearing the Market, Avoiding Gas Wars
- Oblivious RAM: From Theory to Large-Scale Real-World Deployment
- Of data availability & danksharding
- On Paper to On-Chain: How Auction Theory Informs Implementations
- On the impossibility of stateless blockchains
- On the limits of encrypted mempools
- One Dollar, Many Flavors: Inferring Preferences for Stablecoins
- Optimal flexible consensus and its application to Ethereum
- Patents, Intellectual Property and the Rise of the Rent-Seeking Society
- Paying People to Participate in Governance
- Permissionless consensus
- Perpetual encryption
- Politics transformed? Electoral competition under ranked choice voting
- Porter’s Five Forces and competitive advantage in web3
- PoS Blockchains - Designs, Consensus, Attacks
- Post-quantum blockchains
- Post-Quantum Single Secret Leader Election
- Pricing control and marketplace design
- Pro tip: Implementing stateful invariant testing with Halmos
- Products and Protocol
- Progressive decentralization: a high-level framework
- Proposer-Builder Separation, payment for order flows, and centralization in blockchain
- Proving as Fast as Computing - Part 1
- Proving as Fast as Computing - Part 2
- Public Randomness and Randomness Beacons
- Recent latest message driven GHOST
- Redistributive Allocation Mechanisms
- Revisiting accepted wisdom in SNARK design
- SBC 22: Field Notes From Science of Blockchain 2022
- Scaling Avalanche with Subnets and Specialized VMs
- Science of Blockchain Conference ‘24: Field notes
- Secure Smart Contract Development
- Shoal: Improving DAG-BFT latency and robustness
- SNARK Design Part III
- SNARK Design, Part I
- SNARK Design, Part II
- SNARK Security and Performance
- Strategic Behavior in Cryptocurrency Protocols
- Sui Lutris: Combining broadcast and consensus in a production blockchain
- Tackling pain-points with optimistic rollups
- The Blocklace: A Partially-Ordered Generalization of the Blockchain
- The cryptoeconomics of slashing
- The Economics of Cryptocurrency Mining
- The Effects of Retroactive Rewards on Participating in Online Governance
- The effects of retroactive rewards on participating in online governance
- The Evolution of Decentralized Governance
- The journey from academic research to industry deployment of cryptography
- The lookup singularity
- The NFT Staircase: How digital ownership benefits brands and consumers
- The past, present, and future of threshold Schnorr signatures
- The path to secure and efficient zkVMs: How to track progress
- The problem with slashing or majority rewards
- The theory and practice of web3 auctions
- The Value of Decentralization Using the Blockchain: An Economic Analysis
- The web3 governance lab: Using DAOs to study political institutions and behavior at scale
- Theory of Cryptography Conference ‘22: Field Notes
- Theory to code: Building the breakthrough zkVM Jolt
- Threshold ECDSA in 3 rounds
- Top Tech Topics, Explained
- Toward succinct proofs of solvency
- Transaction fee mechanism design with active block producers
- Trusted execution environments (TEEs) for blockchain applications
- Twilight: A Differentially Private Payment Channel Network
- Understanding Jolt: Clarifications and reflections
- Understanding Lasso and Jolt, from theory to code
- Using on-chain voting for information aggregation
- Vampire attacks: A theory (and thread) on 'blood sucking' platform competition
- Verifiable delay functions
- Visualizing Lasso: A fast new lookup argument for SNARKs
- Web3 business strategy
- What happens when anyone can be your representative? Testing liquid democracy in web3
- When is decentralizing on a blockchain valuable?
- Why blockchain performance is hard to measure
- Workshop on Rollup Sequencer Economics: Open Questions, organized
- Workshop on rollup sequencer economics: open questions, organized
- Workshop on rollup sequencer economics: small group discussion
- Zero Knowledge Canon, part 1 & 2
- Zero Knowledge Summit (zkSummit) 2024: Field notes
- zkLogin: Onboarding the next billion users to web3
tech trends
- 16 insights from New York Times bestseller Read Write Own
- 17 misconceptions about SNARKs (and why they hold us back)
- 2023 State of Crypto Report: Introducing the State of Crypto Index
- 22 Top Pieces from 2022
- 3 Common Myths People Have About Crypto (1 of 3)
- 4 Eras of Blockchain Computing: Degrees of Composability
- 5 charts that explain crypto right now
- 5 charts that explain crypto right now [newsletter]
- 5 charts that explain crypto right now [podcast]
- 5 metrics to watch in 2025
- 5 ways you/ your company can use NFTs
- 6 phishing schemes to watch out for
- 6 use cases for Decentralized Physical Infrastructure (DePIN)
- 7 Big Ideas for 2025 (and more trends to watch) [newsletter]
- 7 Essential Ingredients of a Metaverse
- 7 Sanity Checks Before Designing a Token
- 7 Trends in Blockchain Computing
- A Conversation: What’s Next in Web3 Games?
- A few common ways new technologies can be misunderstood
- A few of the things we’re excited about in crypto (2023)
- A few of the things we’re excited about in crypto (2024)
- A few of the things we’re excited about in crypto (2025)
- A free market isn’t a free for all [newsletter]
- A Guide to DeSci, the Latest Web3 Movement
- A guide to stablecoins: What, why, and how
- A new financial model for app tokens: How to generate cash flows
- A new NFT launch strategy: The wave mint
- A new playbook for TradFi [newsletter]
- A Novel Framework for Reputation-Based Systems
- A Skeptic’s View of Crypto (2 of 3)
- A Survey of Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Blockchain Designs
- A useful framework for understanding stablecoins: Banking history
- a16z Podcast: Bitcoin’s Growing Pains — and Possibilities
- a16z Podcast: The Five Stages of Bitcoin — Disdain, Dismissal, Curiosity, Oh F**k!, and Acceptance
- a16z Podcast: The State of the Bitcoin Ecosystem, and a Theory on Satoshi
- a16z Podcast: Which Bitcoin Players Matter?
- Accelerating the world computer: Implementing Jolt, a new state-of-the-art zkVM
- After the foundation era: Tokens, policy, and startup structures
- Age of Wonders: NFTs, Art, AI, Cycles of Computing
- AI and the end of apps (with NEAR)
- AI bots & memecoins
- AI vs. ID: Proof of human in a world of agents, bots, deep fakes, more
- AI x crypto
- AI x crypto crossovers
- All about airdrops
- All the stablecoin news: Stripe, Visa, Coinbase, Circle, more
- An Intro to Crypto: Decentralization, the Big Picture
- An underrated strategy for founding the next breakout company
- Apple iCloud: Doing this 1 thing can help stop hacks
- Approaching the 'lookup singularity': Introducing Lasso and Jolt
- Are stablecoins money’s WhatsApp moment? [newsletter]
- Art and Awe in the Age of Machine Intelligence
- Art, Authenticity, and Anarchy
- Best of 2024: Popular pieces and themes
- Best of Real World Crypto 2025: Field notes
- Beyond Bitcoin: The Blockchain
- Beyond Cryptocurrencies
- Big Tech killed the internet — blockchains can help revive it.
- Blockchain & internet glossary (A–Z): Key terms from Read Write Own
- Blockchain innovation will put an AI-powered internet back into users' hands
- Blockchain performance, demystified
- Blockchain's two cultures: The computer vs. the casino
- Blockchains / Crypto / web3
- Blockchains and performance
- Blockchains are the new app stores
- Blockspace: What Comes After PCs, Broadband, and Smartphones
- Books for crypto builders and beyond (2022)
- Books for crypto builders and beyond (2023)
- Books for crypto builders and beyond (2024)
- Books, shows, apps: Some recommendations for winter 2023
- Bridge Hack, Wallet Hack
- Bridges: Out of the mess, into the meshnet (with LayerZero)
- Bringing Decentralized Governance to Tech Platforms
- Building and Running a DAO: Why Governance Matters
- Building brands for startups
- Cheat codes for creating legendary videogames: gl hf dd
- Checks and balances: Machine learning and zero-knowledge proofs
- Clear rules for stablecoins and the road ahead
- Collected web3 twitter threads
- Composability is Innovation
- Composability is to software as compounding interest is to finance
- Congestion pricing: Economics, theory, reality
- Crypto and the Evolution of Open Source
- Crypto Glossary: Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain
- Crypto, the Future of Trust
- Crypto’s Business Model is Familiar. What Isn't is Who Benefits
- Cryptonetworks and Cities: Analogies
- Cryptonetworks and Decentralization: Building Blocks
- DAG Meets BFT: The Next Generation of BFT Consensus
- DAOs, A Canon
- Debanking exposed
- Debating Crypto: Katie Haun vs. Paul Krugman (3 of 3)
- Decentralization for Defense
- Decentralized Creativity & Collaboration
- Decentralized energy: A reading list of resources
- Decentralized Finance: What It Is, Why It Matters
- Decentralized Identity: Your Reputation Travels With You
- Decentralized Speed: Advances in Zero Knowledge Proofs
- Defining tokens
- Designing Internet-Native Economies: A Guide to Crypto Tokens
- Doing Old Things Better Vs. Doing Brand New Things
- Don’t trust, verify: An introduction to light clients
- Economic loops for startups
- Embrace and extend
- Estimating the number of real crypto users
- Ethereum, Merge and Beyond
- Everything stablecoins: Big picture, deep dive
- Explore the State of Crypto 2024: new data on crypto users, builders, and technologies
- Exploring Architectures for Blockchain Scalability
- Financial Freedom, Company Building, More
- Five Charts That Tell the Story of 2020 in Crypto
- Five Open Problems for the Blockchain Computer
- Fixing the economics of being a creator
- Forget what you know about crypto: The next era of internet innovation is here (placed in Washington Post)
- From creative process to outcomes
- Fundraising and Deal Structure
- Games as reality (with EVE Online)
- Gear, gadgets, gifts: What we're gifting this holiday season 2024
- Going from web 2 to web 3: 'Your take rate is my opportunity'
- Governance Attack!?
- Governance FAQs
- Government... by lottery?
- Hiring? Here are 10 pitfalls to avoid [newsletter]
- How NFT royalties work: Designs, challenges, and new ideas
- How open lost to closed in web2
- How stablecoins become money: Liquidity, sovereignty, and credit
- How stablecoins will eat payments, and what happens next
- How Tech Advances in Blockchains Benefit Other Industries
- How the Coming Privacy Layer Will Fix the Broken Web
- How to bring airdrops home [newsletter]
- How to build a lasting community
- How to hire growth teams [newsletter]
- How to protect yourself after a personal data breach: 5 steps
- How web3 data portability reduces the power of centralized services
- In Defense of Stablecoins
- Incomplete Contracts (and Scaling Crypto)
- Inside the biggest heist
- Introducing our summer '23 research seminars
- Introducing the 2022 State of Crypto Report
- Introduction to Consensus (Part I)
- Introduction to Validating Bridges and Layer-2 Protocols
- It's time to take back the internet (placed in New York Times)
- Layer 2, rollups, and building onchain (with Base)
- Liquidity Provision and Automated Market Making
- Long-range Attacks on Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Blockchains
- LVR in a minute with Tim Roughgarden
- LVR: Quantifying the Cost of Providing Liquidity to Automated Market Makers
- Mainstreaming NFTs: Use Cases, Art, More
- Mastering loyalty & partnerships: Tips from Mastercard’s Seb Otto and IYK’s Austin Marchese
- Measuring SNARK performance: Frontends, backends, and the future
- Mechanism Design 101
- Mental Models for Navigating Crypto Markets & Cycles
- Metaverse Land: What Makes Digital Real Estate Valuable
- Methods to the Madness
- MEV explained
- MEV, explained: what it is, what to do about it [newsletter]
- Minimum Viable Participation in Crypto: Games, Costs, & Accessibility
- Monetization for Gamers in the New Cryptoeconomy
- Money, power, politics, and the internet's next battleground
- Network tokens vs. company-backed tokens
- New paper alert: “Transaction Fee Mechanism Design with Active Block Producers”
- New year's breathing exercise
- Newsletter: Decentralize AI or only big tech wins; ETP vs. ETF; defend, play, trust
- Newsletter: Decisions and power: In politics, business, law, and more
- Newsletter: Defining your brand story, other tips and trends
- Newsletter: Election special: When democracy goes onchain
- Newsletter: Holiday shopping inspiration, prediction markets, Jolt updates
- Newsletter: How to build with tokens; news you can use; latest trends
- Newsletter: How to recruit talent; the unhosted wallet rule; and an attack, maybe
- Newsletter: On seizing the moment in crypto: Thoughts on the evolving regulatory environment, stablecoins, and Ethereum's future
- Newsletter: Why, what, and how we read; compensating creators; more
- NFT Canon
- NFT Sales: Clearing the Market, Avoiding Gas Wars
- NFTs and a Thousand True Fans
- NFTs and ownership
- On AI & personhood credentials: a new paper
- On crypto financial reporting: The Statement of Digital Assets
- On promoting healthspan and quality of life
- On the limits of encrypted mempools
- On-Chain Trusted Setup Ceremony
- Past, Present, Future: From Co-ops to Cryptonetworks
- PoS Blockchains - Designs, Consensus, Attacks
- Post-quantum blockchains
- Prediction markets and beyond
- Product cycles vs financial cycles
- Products and Protocol
- Programming Languages & Crypto
- Public Randomness and Randomness Beacons
- Puzzles (& crypto)… with bonus puzzle!
- Quantum computing: What, when, where, how
- Read Write Own: A new era
- Read Write Own: Table of contents
- Resources from a16z for Understanding Crypto
- Secrets and how to prove them: A magician’s guide to zero-knowledge proofs
- Secure Smart Contract Development
- Securing and Evolving NFTs
- Seven types of NFTs
- SNARK Design Part III
- SNARK Design, Part I
- SNARK Design, Part II
- SNARK Security and Performance
- Social Networking in 2030: How Could Crypto Change Things?
- Software-Related Forum Posts Through the Years (and the 10th Anniversary of the Bitcoin Whitepaper)
- Some books we're reading this summer 2024
- Some books we're reading this summer 2025
- Some books we're reading this winter 2024
- Some books we’re reading (and games we’re playing) this summer 2023
- Some books we’re reading (and games we’re playing) this winter 2022
- Some reasons to build your startup in web3
- Stablecoins are having a moment. Here's why. [newsletter]
- Stablecoins: A 1+ billion-user onboarding opportunity
- Stablecoins: Payments without intermediaries
- State of Crypto 2023: Spotlight on crypto policy
- State of Crypto 2024: Behind the scenes on stablecoins, AI, builder energy, more
- State of Crypto Report 2024: New data on swing states, stablecoins, AI, builder energy, and more
- State of Crypto: Trends, data, more
- Status Traps: Learning from Web2 Social Networks
- Taking Crypto Beyond Volatility: Stablecoins
- Talking trends 2025 (part 1): Stablecoins, app stores, UX, and more
- Talking trends 2025 (part 2): AI x crypto
- Test Post
- The Architecture of Crypto Innovation
- The Art of Technology, the Technology of Art
- The Can’t Be Evil NFT Licenses
- The Crypto Price-Innovation Cycle
- The cryptoeconomics of slashing
- The four horsemen of centralization
- The Future of Work is Not Corporate — It's DAOs and Crypto Networks
- The internet is not yet mature
- The internet treats bad business models as defects and routes around them
- The Long-Tail Problem in AI, and How Autonomous Markets Can Solve It
- The Metaverse, Crypto, Virtual Society
- The month fintechs embraced stablecoins
- The myth of "ETH killers"
- The NFT Mint ‘Sweet Spot’: Data on Early Decisions
- The power of community-owned characters and decentralized media
- The problem with debanking [newsletter]
- The Read Write Own Manifesto
- The Rise of Crypto is Leading to a Safer Internet
- The story of the internet, emergent networks, and their effects
- The web3 Playbook: Using token incentives to bootstrap new networks
- Theory to code: Building the breakthrough zkVM Jolt
- Tokencraft
- Tokenology: Moving beyond ‘tokenomics’
- Tokens: A New Digital Primitive
- Top Tech Topics, Explained
- Towards a Decentralized Storage Network for the Blockchain Computer
- Toys, Secrets, and Cycles: Lessons from the 2000s
- Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs): A primer
- Turning networks into economies
- Understanding Dencun, the biggest upgrade to Ethereum since The Merge
- Usability / monetization death spirals
- Virtual Society, Blockchains, and The Metaverse
- Wallet Security: The ‘Non-Custodial’ Fallacy
- Watch: 11 ideas for AI x crypto
- Web 3.0 and the Future of Trust
- web3 critics misunderstand decentralization
- web3 with a16z, a show about the next internet
- What Are Blockchains: Computers That Can Make Commitments
- What comes after open source?
- What everyone gets wrong about crypto adoption
- What Stripe’s acquisition of Bridge means for fintech and stablecoins
- What The Merge Means
- What we're reading & technology changing reading
- What we're reading, how we're reading, why we read
- What’s Next for the Internet?
- What’s next in web3
- When to flip the fee switch [newsletter]
- Where AI x crypto converge
- Where innovation happens
- Who Will Control the Software That Powers the Internet?
- Why blockchain performance is hard to measure
- Why blockchains need privacy
- Why Creator Tokens Will Precede Community Tokens
- Why decentralization matters
- Why decentralization matters, and needs incentives
- Why DePIN matters [newsletter]
- Why DePIN matters, and how to make it work
- Why NFT Creators Are Going cc0
- Why Web3 Matters
- Year in review: Top pieces and themes of 2024 (plus book picks and more) [newsletter]
- You better have a 30-year goal (with Eigen Labs)
- Your guide to tokens: How to design, launch, structure rights, and more
- Your guide to tokens: Types, design, uses, more
- Zero Knowledge Canon, part 1 & 2