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Featured Articles
Defining tokens
With growing activity and innovation around token-based network models, builders are wondering how to distinguish different types of tokens — and which might be the best choice for their business. At the same time, both consumers and policy makers
When to flip the fee switch
Pricing is a common conundrum for marketplace builders. Many marketplaces heavily subsidize user activity to bootstrap initial growth and liquidity — giving their product or service away for free (or at a steep discount). But that’s not sustainab
research
Consensus & distributed systems
‘Accountable liveness’: New paper alert
On when and how adversarial nodes can be punished if they stall transaction confirmation in blockchains
Blockchain performance, demystified
Podcast: how blockchains are trying to maximize throughput and minimize latency
Beyond 51% attacks: Precisely characterizing blockchain achievable resilience
Resolving how many evil validators a blockchain can tolerate while still maintaining liveness and security
ZK & SNARKs
Jolt gets a 6× speedup — and we’re just getting started
It now proves over 500,000 RISC-V cycles/sec on a MacBook, with proof sizes under 50 KB
Best of Real World Crypto 2025: Field notes
From SNARKs and Apple apps to AI agents and digital Euros
The path to secure and efficient zkVMs: How to track progress
The stages for zkVM development, the completion of which will take several years
Cryptography
Threshold ECDSA in 3 rounds
Identifying a specific rewriting of the ECDSA signing equation and a method to compute and verify it
Exponent-VRFs and their applications
Introducing the notion of an exponent-VRF, or eVRF, a VRF that provides a generator of some finite cyclic group
The past, present, and future of threshold Schnorr signatures
The current state of the art in threshold Schnorr signatures
Economics and incentives
How technological progress leads to economic growth, an interview with 2025 Nobel Prize winner Joel Mokyr
Why did the Industrial Revolution take place where it did, and then spread beyond? It had to do with a competitive, open market of ideas, Mokyr argues -- a transnational “Republic of Letters” -- not unlike the crypto ethos of open source, decentralization, and more.
Prediction markets -- everything you need to know
Prediction markets are a hot topic again. But beyond the buzz, what is a prediction market, exactly? How do they work, how are they designed, and what makes them work?
Congestion pricing: Economics, theory, reality
Two economists talk congestion pricing, recently implemented in New York City—plus the overlap with blockchains