research

Consensus & distributed systems

‘Accountable liveness’: New paper alert

On when and how adversarial nodes can be punished if they stall transaction confirmation in blockchains

Blockchain performance, demystified

Podcast: how blockchains are trying to maximize throughput and minimize latency

Beyond 51% attacks: Precisely characterizing blockchain achievable resilience

Resolving how many evil validators a blockchain can tolerate while still maintaining liveness and security
ZK & SNARKs

Jolt gets a 6× speedup — and we’re just getting started

It now proves over 500,000 RISC-V cycles/sec on a MacBook, with proof sizes under 50 KB

Best of Real World Crypto 2025: Field notes

From SNARKs and Apple apps to AI agents and digital Euros

The path to secure and efficient zkVMs: How to track progress

The stages for zkVM development, the completion of which will take several years
Cryptography

Threshold ECDSA in 3 rounds

Identifying a specific rewriting of the ECDSA signing equation and a method to compute and verify it

Exponent-VRFs and their applications

Introducing the notion of an exponent-VRF, or eVRF, a VRF that provides a generator of some finite cyclic group

The past, present, and future of threshold Schnorr signatures

The current state of the art in threshold Schnorr signatures
Economics and incentives

Prediction markets -- everything you need to know

Prediction markets are a hot topic again. But beyond the buzz, what is a prediction market, exactly? How do they work, how are they designed, and what makes them work?

Congestion pricing: Economics, theory, reality

Two economists talk congestion pricing, recently implemented in New York City—plus the overlap with blockchains

Prediction markets and beyond

The premise and the promise of prediction markets

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